The toxicity of polyacrylamide

Polyacrylamide and water disintegration itself is not toxic, polyacrylamide, from the residual toxicity of acrylamide (AM). Acrylamide is caused by nerve agents, there is damage to the nervous system, poisoning of the body after the table weakness, ataxia and other symptoms. Therefore, provisions of national health departments have industrial products polyacrylamide residual acrylamide content, typically 0.5% --- 0.05%. Polyacrylamide for industrial and urban sewage purification treatment, generally allowing 0.2% acrylamide levels for direct drinking water treatment, the levels of acrylamide to be below 0.05%.

Toxicity on polyacrylamide, cationic polyacrylamide in some cases much more complex, because the introduction of cationic polyacrylamide an amino group etc., the toxicity of tens to hundreds of times is often higher than the anion and non-ionic, and their chronic toxicity is further studies.

In fact, as early as on the toxicity of PAM in 1965 Dow Chemical Company McCollister, who had made a report on the AM polymers toxicological studies reported that they conducted on rats and dogs and two years of continuous oral administration of a single oral test The results show that even fed 5-10% concentration of polymer is also not found to have any effect. Japanese people have used three types of PAM for mice representative test results (LD50 (rat orally once)): HPAM in more than 5000mg/kg; NPAM at 6000 mg / kg or more; CPAM at 5800 mg / kg or more.

Born in 1985, the WHO International Health polyacrylamide standard states: residual acrylamide in polyacrylamide control the amount of 0.05% or less and control the amount of time, the content of the treated water will be less than 0.25ug / L, in line with most countries drinking water standards. PAM product has long been the United States Environmental Protection Agency or the Food and Drug Administration approved for drinking water, juice clarification, fruits, vegetables and washing areas. PAM nontoxic, but the raw material monomer AM PAM is toxic, especially for mammalian nerve damage, therefore, European countries, including all of the PAM food grade residual monomer content of the strict requirements AM, generally require less than 0.05%, the application of the maximum dose is limited, but in the wastewater treatment, sludge dewatering applications in other fields, the staff did not need to worry about the toxicity of PAM on the human body injury.

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